Tetra Images / Getty Images
Misogyny involves punishing women for challenging male dominance.
It may be rooted in hatred for women, but it is not the same as sexism.
Misogyny is often conflated with sexism, or the hatred of and discrimination against women.
Tetra Images / Getty Images
It is a term often used to describe extreme acts of violence against women.
Words often evolve as culture shifts, though.
Australia’sMacquarie Dictionaryeven expanded its definition of misogyny to refer to an entrenched prejudice against women following this event.
Women deal with the harms of misogyny perpetrated by men.
After confronting these oppressive attitudes and actions, women may, in turn, internalize these beliefs.
This means that men are not the only ones to perpetuate misogynistic beliefs.
Women who help reinforce the status quo are rewarded, while women who challenge or threaten it are punished.
Some of these differences may be linked to biological differences.
The violent consequences of online harassment extend far beyond the digital spaces in which they may begin.
Types of Misogyny
A few different types of misogyny have also been identified.
Manne K.Down Girl: The Logic Of Misogyny.
New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2018.
Sawer M.Misogyny and misrepresentation.Polit Sci.
2021 Dec;33(Suppl 11):121-132.
2015;29(1):64-67.
Bailey M, Trudy.On misogynoir: citation, erasure, and plagiarism.Fem Media Stud.
2018;18(4):762-768. doi:10.1080/14680777.2018.1447395
UC Santa Barbara Resource Center for Sexual & Gender Diversity.Transmisogyny education.
Matsuzaka S, Koch D.Trans feminine sexual violence experiences: the intersection of transphobia and misogyny.Affilia.
