How good are you at puzzles?

Gardner believed that a singular theory of intelligence drastically overlooked many peoples skills.

(He may have been talking about the author of this article.)

young woman putting a puzzle together

merteren / E+ / Getty

They can solve puzzles more easily than other people, especially something like the Rubiks Cube.

They can walk into a house and imagine what it would look like after knocking out a wall.

Understanding architecture and choreography and film directing comes easily to people with strong visual-spatialintelligence.

They generally have a poor sense of direction and have difficulty thinking in three dimensions.

Tests ask what an object or shape will look like if manipulated in some wayoften after three-dimensional rotation.

Dr. Kraft says that it is possible toself-evaluateyour visual-spatial skills.

Our intellectual abilities are influenced by bothgenetics and environment.

Dr. Kraft stated: We probably cannotincreaseour raw visual-spatial intelligence, but we do learn to compensate.

GPS has largely removed that problem.

Those with weaker visual-spatial intelligence might also compensate because they are stronger in another intelligence.

We can also use these activities to mitigate cognitive decline as we age.

Visual-spatial intelligence is only one of many potential strengths an individual can possess.

it’s possible for you to use the activities described here to try and strengthen your visual-spatial abilities.

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New York: Basic Books; 1999.

Croizet JC.The Racism of Intelligence: How Mental Testing Practices Have Constituted an Institutionalized Form of Group Domination.

Oxford University Press; 2012.

Ajitha Reddy, The Eugenic Origins of IQ Testing: Implications for Post-Atkins Litigation, 57 DePaul L. Rev.

Improving intelligence: A literature review.

Swiss medical weekly, 140(1920), 266-272.