Calkins returned to Smith College in 1884 and graduated with a concentration in classics and philosophy.
so you can teach in psychology, she needed to study the subject for at least one year.
She initially considered studying abroad but abandoned the idea.
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Distance and lack of a psychology lab dissuaded her from attending programs at Yale and the University of Michigan.
Despite unanimous approval from the thesis committee, Harvard still refused to grant Calkins the degree she had earned.
Her major contributions to psychology include the invention of the paired association technique and her work in self-psychology.
Self-psychology was based on Calkins' belief that the conscious self should be the primary focus of psychology.
Despite Mary Whiton Calkins' contributions, Harvard maintains its refusal to grant Calkins the degree she earned.
Her influence on psychology is often overlooked by both scholars and students.
Selected Works
Calkins, Mary Whiton.
Experimental Psychology at Wellesley College.American Journal of Psychology, 5, 464-271.
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908a).
Psychology as Science of Self.
Calkins, Mary Whiton.
The Self in Scientific Psychology.American Journal of Psychology, 26, 495-524.
Calkins, Mary Whiton.
Autobiography of Mary Whiton Calkins.
In C. Murchison (Ed.
),History of psychology in autobiography(Vol.
Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
Furumoto L.Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930).Psychology of Women Quarterly.
1980;5(1):55-68. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1980.tb01033.x
