Most people know that the virus is commonly spread through sexual contact and intravenous drug use.
But what other behaviors are and are not risk factors?
Although the risk is low, HIV can also be spread through oral sex.
Using condoms during sex lowers the risk of HIV transmission.
When they are used properly, its clear they offer significant protection, Dr. Sha says.
Doing injection drugs with someone who is infected and sharing equipment is high risk.
HIV can be found in a used needle for as long as 42 days.
Pregnancy is another risk factor to be aware of.
Also, being sexual with someone without exchanging infected body fluids does not spread the virus.
Sharing a Living SpaceAny casual contact with someone who has HIV, including sharing a bathroom, is safe.
However, Sha tells patients not to share razor blades or toothbrushes.
you could share a meal with someone who is infected without worry.
We dont consider blood exposure to intact skin to be a risk, Sha says.
There needs to be a cut or abrasion to allow the virus to get past the skin layer.
Mosquitoes and Other InsectsThe virus is not viable in insects or ticks, Sha says.
Toilet SeatsHIV cannot survive on surfaces, so this is not a concern.
Modern Blood TransfusionsDonated blood is screened and disposed of if it tests positive for HIV.
Advanced technology has made screening increasingly sensitive at identifying the virus, Sha says.
She is board-certified in both internal medicine and infectious diseases.
She also teaches medical trainees and lectures medical students at the Emory University School of Medicine.
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